/* ============================================
   Rubin Lab Website Styles
   Modern, Clean, Responsive Design
   ============================================ */

/* CSS Custom Properties */
:root {
    /* Colors - Blue palette */
    --color-primary: #3D9BE9;
    --color-primary-dark: #88B1E2;
    --color-primary-light: #D9EAFF;
    --color-secondary: #2B2F33;
    --color-accent: #3D9BE9;

    /* Neutrals */
    --color-white: #FFFFFF;
    --color-gray-50: #F9FAFB;
    --color-gray-100: #F3F4F6;
    --color-gray-200: #E5E7EB;
    --color-gray-300: #D1D5DB;
    --color-gray-400: #9CA3AF;
    --color-gray-500: #6B7280;
    --color-gray-600: #4B5563;
    --color-gray-700: #374151;
    --color-gray-800: #1F2937;
    --color-gray-900: #111827;

    /* Typography */
    --font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
    --font-size-xs: 0.75rem;
    --font-size-sm: 0.875rem;
    --font-size-base: 1rem;
    --font-size-lg: 1.125rem;
    --font-size-xl: 1.25rem;
    --font-size-2xl: 1.5rem;
    --font-size-3xl: 1.875rem;
    --font-size-4xl: 2.25rem;
    --font-size-5xl: 3rem;

    /* Spacing */
    --spacing-xs: 0.25rem;
    --spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
    --spacing-md: 1rem;
    --spacing-lg: 1.5rem;
    --spacing-xl: 2rem;
    --spacing-2xl: 3rem;
    --spacing-3xl: 4rem;
    --spacing-4xl: 6rem;

    /* Layout */
    --container-max: 1200px;
    --header-height: 80px;

    /* Effects */
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
    --border-radius: 8px;
    --border-radius-lg: 12px;
}

/* Reset & Base */
*, *::before, *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-family);
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--color-gray-700);
    background-color: var(--color-white);
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

ul {
    list-style: none;
}

/* Container */
.container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: var(--container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg);
}

/* ============================================
   Header & Navigation
   ============================================ */
.header {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: var(--header-height);
    background: var(--color-white);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    z-index: 1000;
}

.header-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    height: var(--header-height);
}

.logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.logo-icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.logo-text {
    font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
}

.nav-list {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.nav-link {
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    position: relative;
}

.nav-link::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--color-primary);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link.active {
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.nav-link:hover::after,
.nav-link.active::after {
    width: 100%;
}

/* Mobile Menu Toggle */
.mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.mobile-menu-toggle span {
    display: block;
    width: 24px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--color-gray-700);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

/* ============================================
   Hero Section
   ============================================ */
.hero {
    padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + var(--spacing-4xl));
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-4xl);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-gray-50) 0%, var(--color-white) 100%);
    min-height: 80vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.hero-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: var(--spacing-3xl);
}

.hero-content {
    max-width: 550px;
    flex: 1;
}

/* Hero image - generous display */
.hero-image {
    flex: 1;
    max-width: 450px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.hero-image img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
}

.hero-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-5xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.hero-description {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    line-height: 1.8;
}

/* Buttons */
.btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-xl);
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: 2px solid transparent;
}

.btn-primary {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background: var(--color-primary-dark);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.btn-secondary {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* ============================================
   Sections
   ============================================ */
.section {
    padding: var(--spacing-4xl) 0;
}

.section-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-3xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.section-subtitle {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto var(--spacing-3xl);
}

/* ============================================
   Research Cards
   ============================================ */
.research-preview {
    background: var(--color-gray-50);
}

/* Flexbox (not grid) so the last row of an odd card count centers
   instead of leaving a gap — the homepage has 5 research cards. */
.research-grid {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.research-card {
    flex: 1 1 300px;
    max-width: 360px;
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.research-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.research-card-icon {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

/* Research card images - full display, no cropping */
.research-card-image {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.research-card-image img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100%;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.research-card:hover .research-card-image img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.research-card-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.research-card-description {
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.research-card-link {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.research-card-link:hover {
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

/* ============================================
   News Cards
   ============================================ */
.news-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.news-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: var(--color-white);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: var(--transition);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.news-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--color-primary-light);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.news-card-image {
    height: 180px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
}

.news-card-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.news-card:hover .news-card-image img {
    transform: scale(1.04);
}

.news-card-body {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex: 1;
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.news-card-date {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.news-card-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.news-card-excerpt {
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.news-card-link {
    margin-top: auto;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

.news-more {
    text-align: center;
}

/* ============================================
   Footer
   ============================================ */
.footer {
    background: var(--color-secondary);
    color: var(--color-gray-300);
    padding: var(--spacing-4xl) 0 var(--spacing-xl);
}

.footer-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-3xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-3xl);
}

.footer-logo {
    font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-white);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.footer-affiliation {
    color: var(--color-gray-400);
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.footer-heading {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.footer-links ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.footer-links a,
.footer-contact a {
    color: var(--color-gray-400);
}

.footer-links a:hover,
.footer-contact a:hover {
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.footer-contact p {
    line-height: 1.8;
}

/* Footer funder acknowledgment */
.footer-funder {
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.footer-funder-text {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-gray-400);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.footer-funder-logos {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.footer-funder-logo {
    max-width: 200px;
    max-height: 60px;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.footer-bottom {
    padding-top: var(--spacing-xl);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-gray-700);
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

/* ============================================
   Responsive Design
   ============================================ */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    :root {
        --font-size-5xl: 2.25rem;
        --font-size-4xl: 1.875rem;
        --font-size-3xl: 1.5rem;
    }

    .nav {
        position: fixed;
        top: var(--header-height);
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: var(--color-white);
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
        transform: translateY(-100%);
        opacity: 0;
        visibility: hidden;
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .nav.active {
        transform: translateY(0);
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
    }

    .nav-list {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: var(--spacing-md);
    }

    .nav-link {
        display: block;
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
        font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    }

    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }

    .hero {
        min-height: auto;
        padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + var(--spacing-3xl));
        padding-bottom: var(--spacing-3xl);
    }

    .hero-wrapper {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .hero-content {
        text-align: center;
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    .hero-image {
        max-width: 300px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .section {
        padding: var(--spacing-3xl) 0;
    }

    .research-grid,
    .news-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-funder-logos {
        gap: var(--spacing-lg);
    }

    .footer-funder-logo {
        max-height: 45px;
        max-width: 150px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    :root {
        --font-size-5xl: 1.875rem;
        --spacing-4xl: 4rem;
        --spacing-3xl: 3rem;
    }

    .container {
        padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
    }

    .btn {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   Page Hero (for inner pages)
   ============================================ */
.page-hero {
    padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + var(--spacing-2xl));
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-gray-50) 0%, var(--color-white) 100%);
    text-align: center;
}

.page-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-4xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ============================================
   Research Detail Sections
   ============================================ */
.research-detail {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
    gap: var(--spacing-3xl);
    align-items: center;
}

.research-detail-reverse {
    direction: rtl;
}

.research-detail-reverse > * {
    direction: ltr;
}

.research-detail-image {
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
}

.research-detail-image img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
    max-height: 300px;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.research-detail-content {
    padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
}

.research-detail-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.research-detail-content p {
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.research-detail-content p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.section-alt {
    background: var(--color-gray-50);
}

/* ============================================
   People / Team Page
   ============================================ */
.pi-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr;
    gap: var(--spacing-3xl);
    align-items: start;
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-2xl);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.pi-image {
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.pi-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.pi-name {
    font-size: var(--font-size-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.pi-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.pi-bio {
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.pi-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.team-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.team-card {
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    text-align: left;
    transition: var(--transition);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    position: relative;
}

.team-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.team-card-image {
    position: relative;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    margin: 0 auto var(--spacing-sm);
    border-radius: 50%;
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.team-card-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.team-card-image img.fun-photo {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    opacity: 0;
}

.team-card-image:hover img.fun-photo {
    opacity: 1;
}

.team-card-placeholder {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-primary-light) 0%, var(--color-primary) 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Smaller placeholder circles when no image */
.team-card-image:has(.team-card-placeholder) {
    width: 70px;
    height: 70px;
}

.team-card-name {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
    text-align: center;
}

.team-card-role {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: #7A8FA8;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    text-align: center;
}

.team-card-bio {
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    line-height: 1.6;
    text-align: left;
    /* Clamp every bio to the same number of lines so all cards line up.
       Shorter bios still occupy the full height; longer ones get an ellipsis. */
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 6;
    line-clamp: 6;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
    height: calc(1.6em * 6);
}

/* Full bio revealed on hover, overlaying the card without reflowing the grid.
   Populated by main.js only for bios that are actually truncated. */
.team-card-bio-popover {
    position: absolute;
    left: var(--spacing-md);
    right: var(--spacing-md);
    bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    line-height: 1.6;
    z-index: 20;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(6px);
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

/* Trigger on the bio text only (not the whole card) so hovering the photo
   reveals the fun photo instead of the popover stealing the pointer.
   The popover:hover clause keeps it open once the pointer moves onto it. */
.team-card:has(.team-card-bio:hover) .team-card-bio-popover,
.team-card-bio-popover:hover {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Team Subsection Headers */
.team-subsection {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.team-subsection:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.team-subsection-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-gray-200);
}

/* For sections with only 1-2 cards, don't stretch them full width */
.team-grid-compact {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

@media (min-width: 769px) {
    .team-grid-compact .team-card:only-child {
        max-width: 350px;
    }

    /* A subsection with a single person (e.g. the PI, or a sole grad student)
       shouldn't sit stranded in the left column — center it at a sane width. */
    .team-grid:has(> .team-card:only-child) {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 360px);
        justify-content: center;
    }

    /* Two-person rows: center the pair rather than leaving a gap on the right. */
    .team-grid:has(> .team-card:nth-child(2):last-child) {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 360px));
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* Alumni Section - Simple List */
.alumni-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.alumni-entry {
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
}

.alumni-entry-name {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
}

.alumni-entry-details {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.alumni-entry-current {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xs);
}

/* Alumni List (legacy) */
.alumni-list {
    max-width: 700px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.alumni-item {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: var(--spacing-md) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
}

.alumni-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.alumni-name {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
}

.alumni-current {
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

/* Join Us CTA */
.join-us {
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.join-us-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.join-us-text {
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    line-height: 1.8;
}

/* ============================================
   Publications Page
   ============================================ */
.publications-year {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-3xl);
}

.publications-year-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.publication-item {
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
}

.publication-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.publication-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.publication-title a {
    color: var(--color-secondary);
}

.publication-title a:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.publication-authors {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.publication-journal {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

/* Small badge marking preprints (e.g. bioRxiv) vs. peer-reviewed papers */
.publication-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-left: var(--spacing-xs);
    padding: 1px 8px;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    background: var(--color-gray-100, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05));
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
    border-radius: 999px;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.publication-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.publication-link {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.publication-link:hover {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.publications-more {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: var(--spacing-3xl);
    padding-top: var(--spacing-2xl);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
}

.publications-more p {
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

/* ============================================
   News Page
   ============================================ */
.news-archive {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Year Filter Pills */
.news-year-filters {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.news-year-filters {
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.news-year-pill {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-xl);
    border-radius: 999px;
    border: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.news-year-pill:hover {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.news-year-pill.active {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* News Tags */
.news-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-md);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.news-date {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.news-read-more {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

/* News List */
.news-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.news-item {
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    transition: var(--transition);
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
    align-items: stretch;
}

.news-item:hover {
    border-color: var(--color-primary-light);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.news-item-clickable {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.news-item-featured,
.news-list .news-item:first-child {
    border: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.news-item-content {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.news-item-image {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 200px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.news-item-image a {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.news-item-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-height: 200px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.news-item-image a:hover img {
    filter: brightness(0.75);
}

.news-img-contain {
    object-fit: contain;
    max-height: none;
}

.news-item-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.news-item-excerpt {
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.news-item-excerpt a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.news-item.hidden {
    display: none;
}

/* ============================================
   Contact Page
   ============================================ */
.contact-wrapper {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 3fr);
    gap: var(--spacing-3xl);
    align-items: stretch;
}

.contact-section-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.contact-form {
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-2xl);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.form-group {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.form-label {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-gray-700);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.form-input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    font-family: var(--font-family);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.form-input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(66, 124, 111, 0.1);
}

.form-textarea {
    resize: vertical;
    min-height: 150px;
}

.contact-info-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.contact-info-card {
    background: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--spacing-xl);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.contact-info-item {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.contact-info-item:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.contact-info-label {
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.contact-info-card p {
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.contact-info-card a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

/* Map */
.map-container {
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.map-container iframe {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 400px;
}

.map-placeholder {
    background: var(--color-gray-200);
    height: 300px;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
}

/* ============================================
   Additional Responsive Styles
   ============================================ */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .team-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .team-grid-compact {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .research-detail {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .research-detail-reverse {
        direction: ltr;
    }

    .pi-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .pi-image {
        max-width: 250px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .pi-links {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .contact-wrapper {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .alumni-item {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: var(--spacing-xs);
        text-align: center;
    }

    .alumni-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .team-grid,
    .team-grid-compact {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .team-card {
        max-width: 400px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    /* Touch devices can't hover, so show the full bio inline and drop the popover. */
    .team-card-bio {
        display: block;
        -webkit-line-clamp: none;
        line-clamp: none;
        height: auto;
        overflow: visible;
    }

    .team-card-bio-popover {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Stack news items so the image sits full-width above the text on phones,
       instead of being squeezed into a narrow column beside it. */
    .news-item {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .news-item-image {
        width: 100%;
        order: -1;
    }

    .news-item-image img {
        max-height: 220px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .page-title {
        font-size: var(--font-size-3xl);
    }

    .contact-form {
        padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    }

    .pi-links {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .publication-links {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   Publications Loading/Error States
   ============================================ */
.publications-loading,
.publications-error,
.publications-empty {
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--spacing-4xl) var(--spacing-xl);
    color: var(--color-gray-500);
}

.publications-loading p,
.publications-error p,
.publications-empty p {
    font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.loading-spinner {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    border: 3px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    border-top-color: var(--color-primary);
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
    to {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
}

.publications-error {
    background: var(--color-gray-50);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
}

.publications-error p {
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

/* ============================================
   Photo Gallery Carousel
   ============================================ */
.gallery-section {
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.gallery-caption {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--color-gray-600);
    margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.gallery-carousel {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 700px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.gallery-track {
    display: flex;
    transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.gallery-slide {
    min-width: 100%;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.gallery-slide img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 450px;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.gallery-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) var(--spacing-xl);
    background: linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7));
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-end;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-slide:hover .gallery-overlay {
    opacity: 1;
}

.gallery-title {
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.gallery-date {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

.gallery-btn {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    border: none;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--color-primary);
    transition: background 0.2s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    z-index: 2;
}

.gallery-btn:hover {
    background: var(--color-white);
}

.gallery-btn-prev {
    left: 12px;
}

.gallery-btn-next {
    right: 12px;
}


@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .gallery-slide img {
        height: 280px;
    }

    .gallery-overlay {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 4px;
        opacity: 1;
    }
}